Each inaugural address represents the president’s political party stances and the period in which it was given. Since there are a total of 59 inaugural addresses and 8 speeches that historians deem as inaugural addresses, these speeches were the first speeches given by a President whose predecessor had died unexpectedly while in office, I found it necessary to include all of them within my sample. For a quantitative analysis of the speeches, I looked at how many times certain words/phrases are used. Some of these phrases might include “states rights” or “law and order.” In terms of qualitative analysis, I looked at words or phrases that can have underlying meaning regarding race but cannot be quantifiable because the phrase is only mentioned in a few speeches or is needed to be placed within the context of the speech. An example of this is “Much to repair. Much to restore. Much to heal. Much to build” (Biden 2021). In the context of the rest of the speech, it is clear President Biden is speaking about race but within this quote, it is not as obvious. Throughout my analysis, I will also be looking at the change in these speeches over time, comparing the content of the speeches throughout the history of the United States.

For my independent variable, I will be looking at race within inauguration speeches. To understand race, as mentioned above, I will be doing both a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the speeches. To operationalize my independent variable I will use phrases like “law and order,” “states rights,” “equality” as well as language that talks about nativism and patriotism. Through phrases like these, I will be able to get a better understanding of how a President might be talking about race both explicitly or not. For my dependent variable, I will be looking at political parties and change over time. To operationalize the change over time I will use the data collected to compare how Presidents who held office in the earlier years used language compared to modern Presidents. Through that data, I will also be able to analyze how the political parties have been changed as well.

To see a change over time within my results I grouped Democratic-Republicans and Democrats as one party and Federalists, Whigs, and Republicans as the other.

Quantitative Analysis:
Key Words:	Presidential Speeches:
“Race” “Liberty” “States Rights/Rights of States” “Law and Order” “Freedom” “Racial” “Justice” “Equal” “Indian” “Aboriginal” “Civil War” “White Supremacy” “Equity” “Equality” “Segregation” “Colored People” “Lynching” “Civil Rights” “Slavery” “Slaves” “Fugitives” “Diversity” “Color” “Discrimination” “Oppression” “Emancipation” “Freedman/Freemen” “Black” “Ethnic” “White” “Injustice” “Minorities” “Patriot/Patriotic/Patriotism” “Negro”	Washington 1789 (Federalist Party) Washington 1793 (Federalist Party) Adams 1797 (Federalist Party) Jefferson 1801 (Democratic-Republican Party) Jefferson 1805 (Democratic-Republican Party) Madison 1809 (Democratic-Republican Party) Madison 1813 (Democratic-Republican Party) Monroe 1817 (Democratic-Republican Party) Monroe 1821 (Democratic-Republican Party) Quincy Adams 1825 (Democratic-Republican Party) (National Republican) Jackson 1829 (Democratic Party) Jackson 1833 (Democratic Party) Van Buren 1837 (Democratic Party) Henry Harrison 1841 (Whig Party) Tyler 1841 (Whig Party) (Unaffiliated) Polk 1845 (Democratic Party) Taylor 1849 (Whig Party) Fillmore 1850 (Whig Party) Pierce 1853 (Democratic Party) Buchanan 1857 (Democratic Party) Lincoln 1861 (Republican Party) (National Union Party) Lincoln 1865 (Republican Party) (National Union Party) Johnson 1865 (Democratic Party) (National Union Party) Grant 1869 (Republican Party) Grant 1873 (Republican Party) Hayes 1877 (Republican Party) Garfield 1881 (Republican Party) Arthur 1881 (Republican Party) Cleveland 1885 (Democratic Party) Harrison 1889 (Republican Party) Cleveland 1893 (Democratic Party) McKinley 1897 (Republican Party) McKinley 1901 (Republican Party) Roosevelt 1901 (Republican Party) Roosevelt 1905 (Republican Party) Taft 1909 (Republican Party) Wilson 1913 (Democratic Party) Wilson 1917 (Democratic Party) Harding 1921 (Republican Party) Coolidge 1923 (Republican Party) Coolidge 1925 (Republican Party) Hoover 1929 (Republican Party) FDR 1933 (Democratic Party) FDR 1937 (Democratic Party) FDR 1941 (Democratic Party) FDR 1945 (Democratic Party) Truman 1945 (Democratic Party) Truman 1949 (Democratic Party) Eisenhower 1953 (Republican Party) Eisenhower 1957 (Republican Party) Kennedy 1961 (Democratic Party) Johnson 1963 (Democratic Party) Johnson 1965 (Democratic Party) Nixon 1969 (Republican Party) Nixon 1973 (Republican Party) Ford 1974 (Republican Party) Carter 1977 (Democratic Party) Reagan 1981 (Republican Party) Reagan 1985 (Republican Party) Bush Sr. 1989 (Republican Party) Clinton 1993 (Democratic Party) Clinton 1997 (Democratic Party) Bush Jr. 2001 (Republican Party) Bush Jr. 2005 (Republican Party) Obama 2009 (Democratic Party) Obama 2013 (Democratic Party) Trump 2017 (Republican Party) Biden 2021 (Democratic Party)